As it happens in many fruit trees (latte, apple, kiwi, pear etc.), the pistachio tree grown from seed cannot give fruits in its entire life due to various reasons. Apart from this, to harvest pistachio, we will have to plant at least one male and one female pistachio tree in the same yard, so that the pollen can travel from the male tree to the female tree through air. But since you want to experience the joy of growing your own tree from seed, let's get started.
The first thing we have to do is to search for natural freshly harvested pistachios. This may be more difficult than this, as almost all newly harvested pistachios are transported to processing units in less than 20 hours. Keep in mind that most of the pistachios we get in the market are ripe, hence these seeds will definitely not sprout.
Commercial cultivation of pistachio trees (especially in the United States) has been increasing steadily over the past decades and many growers decide to abandon cotton, soybean and other plants in favor of planting young pistachio trees. Growing pistachio trees commercially can become a major source of income in the long run, provided the farmer has done extensive research about the basic parameters of the crop. Pistachio trees can be seen in large numbers in the highland areas of Kashmir and also in some gardens.
First of all, location is perhaps the most important parameter when growing pistachio trees for profit. Trees thrive in specific water and air conditions and soil types, and significantly deviating from those requirements (especially water and air) will cost you in terms of production. Second, pistachios do not produce good yields until the 7th or 8th year, even with high quality management by experienced growers. You must be patient and certainly dynamic to bear the expenses of the first years without expecting extraordinary income. To this, you must add that pistachio trees (like many other fruit trees) have a hereditary tendency towards alternate bearing (the tree produces a very good yield in one year and little if not zero yield the next year). it is). Of course, this creates many problems, because in many cases the farmer cannot predict the production of his garden and cannot reach timely trading agreements with traders. Alternative bearing results also result in year-to-year fluctuations in earnings and hence lower cash flow estimates.
Pistachio tree is a deciduous, long-living, slow-growing tree that reaches a height of 20-33 feet (6-10 meters). Pistachio tree is a dioecious tree. This means that a pistachio tree can have only male flowers (these trees are called male pistachio trees) or female flowers (the female pistachio trees). In order to set fruits, pollen from male trees must travel through the wind to female trees. Only female trees produce fruits. Consequently, if we want to harvest fruits, we must place ideally 1 male pistachio tree in the center of every 9 female pistachio trees. Male pistachio trees can be easily spotted by anyone, because they are normally higher and much more robust than the female trees.
The trunk and branches of pistachio trees have gray color, and it becomes darker over the years. The root system is strong and can reach a depth of 10 feet (3 meters) and a width of 26 feet (8 meters). The leaves begin to fall in late autumn (November in many cases). The female trees that produced fruits lose their leaves first. Then, the female trees that did not bear fruits start to lose their leaves. Finally, the male pistachio trees normally lose their leaves after female trees. The bloom usually takes place during spring (April). In many cases, a great percentage of male flowers bloom far earlier than the female flowers. As a result, a great percentage of pollen can be lost, resulting in decrease of fruit set and production. Thus, some pistachio farmers collect the pollen from male flowers, they store it suitable conditions and they disperse it in the female trees once they have bloomed. This is called artificial pollination.
Contrary to other nuts, pistachios grow in clusters, like grapes. The pistachio tree bears fruit in shoots created the year before by ordinary buds. The tree has a tendency towards Alternate Bearing (producing a lot of fruits in one year and not many fruits in the following year). The pistachio tree can normally produce good yields from the 7th year of its age. Its productive life can reach 100 years or more.
The pistachio belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. Pistacia genus includes 11 species, but Pistacia vera is the domesticated pistachio tree that is grown worldwide. The pistachio tree probably originated from Central Asia, where thousands of trees were found in areas known today as Iran and Afghanistan. Nowadays, it is cultivated in areas characterized by hot and dry climate, such as US (California), Lebanon, Syria, Kashmir, Iran, India, Turkey, South Europe and other countries of Asia and Africa.
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